In order to reach climate neutrality by 2050 the EU needs to overcome challenges relating to accelerating innovation, creating infrastructure, redirecting investments, and fostering cross-sectoral integration. In this policy brief, we present key policy lessons relating to these four challenges based on seven case studies on transformative policies from the period 2005–2022 in different EU countries. Two themes reappear in many of our lessons. First, policies could be improved if a holistic approach to innovation was taken, with policymakers considering how new (innovative) technologies substitute (or phaseout) old technologies. Second, rather than trying to incentivize firms or citizens through monetary returns, governments could make progress towards climate neutrality by reducing the efforts required from firms and citizens to participate in the carbon neutrality transition, e.g., reducing administrative burdens.

Find more details on the case studies: 

Case #1 Belgian offshore wind: Innovation and Investments

Case #2 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Agreements in Finland

Case #3 Climate stress tests in France: what co-benefits can we expect for transition financing?

Case #4 Germany’s delayed electricity smart meter rollout

Case #5 The rollout of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the Netherlands

Case #6 The impact of the EU ETS revenues and derogation 10c on investment and infrastructure in Poland

Case #7 The role of energy and environmental taxes in Spain

Read the overarching 4i-TRACTION project report here.